IP Addresses Have Class!?
In this video, we dive deep into the world of IP address ranges, covering everything from Class A, B, C, D, and E to APIPA, loopback addresses, and private ranges for Class A/B/C networks. Learn how these address ranges are structured, their significance in networking, and practical applications. #IPAddresses #Networking #ClassA #ClassB #ClassC #ClassD #ClassE #APIPA #Loopback #PrivateRanges #VLSM #CIDR
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VIDEO Notes:
RFC 870: Assigned Numbers
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc870
October 1983
NOTE: IPs in Class A, B, C, formats sold in /8, /16, and /32 blocks respectively to organizations whether they needed all the IPv4 Addresses or not.
NOT TOTALLY RELEVANT IN THE VIDEO
RFC 1466: Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1466
May 1993
RIR – regional internet registries to distribute IPs rather than rely on IANA to handle all IPs. regions had different IP ranges
– Use class C blocks or contiguous class C blocks where applicable.
HIGHLY RELEVANT IN THE VIDEO
RFC 1519: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1519
September 1993
RELEVANT
RFC 1918: Address Allocation for Private internets
Link: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1918
Released February 1996
VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_subnet_mask
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing
NOT RELEVANT IN THE VIDEO, But Something to be aware of:
RFC 2460: IPv6 Addresses
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2460
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IPv4 Classes:
Class A:
Public IP Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
Example: 2.0.0.0 to 2.255.255.255
First octet value range from 1 to 127
Private IP Range: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (See Private IP Addresses below for more information)
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 (8 bits)
Number of Networks: 126
Number of Hosts per Network: 16,777,214
NOTE: Common IPv4 Class A Blocks – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assigned_/8_IPv4_address_blocks
– Examples
012.rrr.rrr.rrr ATT
017.rrr.rrr.rrr Apple
019.rrr.rrr.rrr Ford
053.0.0.0 Mercedez-Benz
73.0.0.0 Comcast
Class B:
Public IP Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0
First octet value range from 128 to 191
Private IP Range: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (See Private IP Addresses below for more information)
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 (16 bits)
Number of Networks: 16,382
Number of Hosts per Network: 65,534
Class C:
Public IP Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0
First octet value range from 192 to 223
Private IP Range: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (See Private IP Addresses below for more information)
Special IP Range: 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 (See Special IP Addresses below for more information)
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Number of Networks: 2,097,150
Number of Hosts per Network: 254
Class D:
Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
First octet value range from 224 to 239
Number of Networks: N/A
Number of Hosts per Network: Multicasting
Class E:
Range: 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
First octet value range from 240 to 255
Number of Networks: N/A
Number of Hosts per Network: Research/Reserved/Experimental
Private IP Addresses:
Class A Private Range: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B Private APIPA Range: 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) is a feature with Microsoft Windows-based computers to automatically assign itself an IP address within this range if a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is not available on the network. A DHCP server is a network device that is responsible for assigning IP addresses to devices on the network.
At your home, your Internet modem or router likely provides this functionality. In your work place, a Microsoft Windows Server, a network firewall, or some other specialized network device likely provides this functionality for the computer at your work environment.
Class B Private Range: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C Private Range: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Special Range:
IP Range: 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses (also referred to as loop-back addresses). These are virtual IP address, in that they cannot be assigned to a device. Specifically, the IP 127.0.0.1 is often used to troubleshoot network connectivity issues using the ping command. Specifically, it tests a computer’s TCP/IP network software driver to ensure it is working properly.
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