Are 64-bit apps faster than 32-bit apps? (feat. Ubuntu for Raspberry Pi)

Ubuntu supports 64-bit Linux on the Raspberry Pi 4. Great, but are 64-bit programs and OSes faster than 32-bit programs and OSes? Is 64-bit more than just the 4GB memory limit? Let’s find out!

Thread test tool: https://github.com/garyexplains/examples/blob/master/threadtesttool.c

Segmented sieve of Eratosthenes: https://github.com/kimwalisch/primesieve/wiki/Segmented-sieve-of-Eratosthenes

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PS. For those asking. I ran the segmented sieve test on an Intel/Linux box and compiled a 32-bit binary using (-m32) and also a 64-bit version. The 64-bit version was 30% faster.

PPS. Also I compiled and ran the segmented sieve on a 32-bit version of Raspbian running on the Pi 4, so a 32-bit binary on a 32-bit OS and it was actually slower than the 32-bit version running on the 64-bit OS. Total time for segmented_sieve 5000000000 was 28.8 seconds.

PPPS. For those saying it was different versions of the compiler that made the difference. I installed a 32-bit version of the GCC/G++ compiler (same version as the 64-bit) on Ubuntu 64-bit and compiled the 32-bit binary. The results were the same, in fact the 32-bit version compiled using the new compiler was slightly slower.

PPPPS. Yes I used the same compiler flags for everything
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Introduction to Android app development: https://www.dgitacademy.com

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