L33: Networking Basics | Port Number | MAC Address | IP Address | MAC Spoofing | The Easy Concepts
L33: Networking Basics For Ethical Hacking Port Number MAC Address IP Address MAC Spoofing | The Easy Concepts
In this tutorial, we have discussed the various kinds of addressing like port number, mac address, and IP address.
Port Number – A port is identified for each transport protocol and address combination by a 16-bit unsigned number, known as the port number. The most common transport protocols that use port numbers are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
MAC Address – MAC Addresses are a unique 48-bits hardware number of a computer, which is embedded into the network cards (known as Network Interface Card) during the time of manufacturing. MAC Address is also known as the Physical Address of a network device.
IP Address – An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.
IPv4 is a 32-bit address while IPv6 is a 128-bit address.
Computing devices use these addresses for communication among each other.
OSI is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes communication using a set of protocols. It consists of 7 layers – Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link Layer, and Physical Layer.
There is another model that helps to determine the way a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how it should transmit data between them. It is called the TCP/IP model has 4 layers – Application, Transport, Internet (Network), Network Interface.
Private and Public IP Address Ranges
Certain IP addresses are reserved for public use and others for private use. This is what makes private IP addresses unable to reach the public internet because they aren’t able to communicate properly unless they exist behind a router.
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Excluding the addresses above, public IP addresses range from 1 to 191.
Please watch the full video to learn the concepts in more detail.
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