Binary Explained IPv4 | Cisco CCNA 200-301
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When we type in an IP address, the computer will convert that into binary.
And to fully understand how IP addresses work, we need to be able to do the same.
An IPv4 address is 32 bits long. This means the address is made up of 32 binary digits. Each digit is called a bit. The IP address contains 4 octets. Each octet contains 8 binary bits.
Each bit can either be a 1 or a 0. A bit represents a value of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 or 128. That value doubles in size from right to left. This is called the power of 2.
We also need to think about subnet masks. Previously I said, wherever there is 255, this is the network section and wherever there is a 0, this is the host section. That’s true in the simplest form, however, it can get a bit more complicated than that.
The real way to see which part of an IP address is the network section is by looking at the subnet mask binary bits and comparing it to the IP address binary bits. Anytime you see a 1 value, this bit is the network section and anytime you see a 0 it’s the host section.
Instead of the full subnet mask, you will often see it written as a forward slash, and then the number of network binary bits. For example, instead of 255.255.255.0, we could write it as /24. This is usually added to the end of the IP address.
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