How dhcp allocates ip addresses? how dhcp works dora? which dhcp message is sent as broadcast #dhcp
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol used to dynamically allocate IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. DHCP operates at the application layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model and simplifies network administration by automating the process of IP address assignment. When a device (client) connects to a network that uses DHCP, it initially does not have a configured IP address. The DHCP client sends a broadcast message called a DHCP Discover (D) packet to discover DHCP servers available on the network. DHCP servers receive this broadcast and respond with a DHCP Offer (O) packet, proposing an IP address lease and other network configuration parameters (such as subnet mask, default gateway, DNS servers) to the client. The client then selects one of the offered IP addresses and sends a DHCP Request (R) packet back to the chosen DHCP server, requesting the offered configuration. Upon receiving the request, the DHCP server acknowledges (A) the lease by sending a DHCP Acknowledgment (A) packet to the client, confirming the IP address lease and finalizing the configuration parameters. The client then configures its network interface with the assigned IP address and other settings received from the DHCP server. Throughout this process, DHCP servers manage IP address leases, ensuring that each IP address assignment is unique and that clients can automatically renew their leases periodically to maintain network connectivity. DHCP simplifies IP address management in networks, reduces the risk of IP address conflicts, and accommodates mobility by allowing devices to easily obtain new IP addresses when moving between different networks or reconnecting after network downtime.
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