Lecture 7- What is LAN WAN How to learn IP address | CCNA 200-301

Lecture 7- LAN WAN | Internet | Networking IP address | CCNA 200-301

### Understanding LAN, WAN, and Networking IP Addresses

#### LAN (Local Area Network)
– **Definition**: A LAN is a network that connects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building.
– **Characteristics**:
– High data transfer rates
– Limited geographic range
– Typically uses Ethernet or Wi-Fi technologies

#### WAN (Wide Area Network)
– **Definition**: A WAN is a network that spans a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even globally.
– **Characteristics**:
– Lower data transfer rates compared to LANs
– Covers broad geographic areas
– Uses technologies such as MPLS, leased lines, and satellite links

### Networking IP Addresses
– **IP Address**: A unique string of numbers separated by periods (IPv4) or colons (IPv6) that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.
– **IPv4**: 32-bit address divided into four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
– **IPv6**: 128-bit address divided into eight groups of four hexadecimal digits (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)

### CCNA 200-301 Key Concepts

#### OSI Model
– **Layers**: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
– **Purpose**: Standardize networking functions to ensure interoperability between devices and technologies

#### Routing and Switching
– **Routers**: Devices that forward data packets between computer networks, creating an internetwork.
– **Switches**: Network devices that connect devices within a single network, using MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer.

#### IP Addressing and Subnetting
– **Subnetting**: Dividing a network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks.
– **Subnet Mask**: Used to determine the subnet in which an IP address belongs (e.g., 255.255.255.0)
– **CIDR Notation**: A shorthand for expressing an IP address and its associated network mask (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24)

#### VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks)
– **Definition**: Logical subdivision of a network, creating distinct broadcast domains within a single physical network infrastructure.
– **Purpose**: Improve network efficiency and security by segmenting traffic.

#### ACLs (Access Control Lists)
– **Definition**: Rules applied to router interfaces to control the traffic entering or leaving the network.
– **Purpose**: Enhance security by filtering traffic based on IP address, protocol, port numbers, etc.

#### WAN Technologies
– **MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)**: Directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses.
– **VPN (Virtual Private Network)**: Extends a private network across a public network, enabling secure data transmission.

#### Network Security
– **Firewalls**: Network security devices that monitor and filter incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
– **IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems)**: Devices or software applications that monitor network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations.

### Practical Application

#### Configuring IP Addresses
1. **Static IP Configuration**:
– Manually assign IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
2. **Dynamic IP Configuration**:
– Use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

#### Basic Router Configuration
1. **Access the Router CLI**:
– Connect via console cable, SSH, or telnet.
2. **Assign IP Address to Interface**:
“`bash
Router(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
“`
3. **Configure Routing Protocols**:
– **RIP**:
“`bash
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
“`
– **OSPF**:
“`bash
Router(config)# router ospf 1
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
“`

### Study Tips for CCNA 200-301
1. **Understand the Fundamentals**: Grasp basic concepts of networking, including the OSI model, IP addressing, and subnetting.
2. **Hands-on Practice**: Use network simulators like Cisco Packet Tracer or GNS3 to practice configuration and troubleshooting.
3. **Read Official Guides**: Study materials provided by Cisco, such as the “CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide”.
4. **Take Practice Exams**: Test your knowledge with practice exams to identify areas needing improvement.
5. **Join Study Groups**: Collaborate with peers to exchange knowledge and solve problems together.

By understanding these core concepts and actively practicing, you’ll be well-prepared to pass the CCNA 200-301 exam and excel in networking roles.

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