Packet Tracer Tutorial – IPv4 Subnets
Determining classful and classless addressing. Sample packet tracer with subnetting ipv4.
Notes from video:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt
RFC 1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets February 1996
3. Private Address Space
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA has reserved the
following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets:
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 10/8 prefix
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 172.16/12 prefix
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 192.168/16 prefix
Allocating address spaces to private internets with a local area network.
Classful addressing
What if you have an address space that does not cover all of the hosts that you have to account for?
Addressing scheme of a network:
Subnetting – Classless addressing CIDR – classless inter-domain routing
network address = all zeros in host bits
broadcast address = all ones in host bits.
– – – – – – – – . – – – – – – – – . – – – – – – – – . – – – – – – – – 32 place values to depict a standard IPv4 ip address.
Each binary place value above is representative of 2 ^ 0-7th power. This begins from right to left.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
– – – – – – – – — accounts for only the last 8 binary digits of 32 bit address.
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
Rules to subnetting a network block:
1. First determine how many hosts your subnetwork has to accommodate so you can efficiently space the network without wasting addresses.
2. Know that the subnet you will need consists of 2^x – 2, this is to subtract the network and broadcast addresses from the network.
For example. I need a subnet of addresses that can accommodate 6 hosts. That is 2^3 – 2 , so I would chose to subnet at the 29th bit in the address.
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ipv4
