System and Network Administration Basic Concepts Chapter 1 Cisco Network Academy.
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The Unix Environment.
First of all we will discuss some basic concepts about the computer system and also explain the working of the basic component of the computer system. Then we will discuss about the relationship between the computer role and the operating system in detail. Then we will explain the relationship between the Sun Solaris and Linux platform with the Unix Environment.
The four main components of the computer systems are CPU, RAM, I/O Devices and the Hard Disk or the SCSI drives.
CPU
Microprocessor chip that process on data that comes from the RAM and work on this data in binary form as we are all aware of this. Various process like Intel, Xeon, Celeron, AMD, SPARK, Itanium are available in market in 16,64, 32-bit form and provide us versatile facility for our working.
RAM
Running contents always reside in RAM. RAM picks data from the hard drive and process on this. System efficiency improves as the size of the RAM increases.
I/O Devices
I/O devices are responsible for the entering or exit of information from the computer system like the keyboard, Ram, or the printer.
Storage Disk
Hard drive or the storage devices stores the information on the SCSI or the hard drives. SCSI drives are used in servers usually.
Peripheral components are those devices which are independent on the computer system. Key board Mouse video audio and the ethernet cards are fall under the category of the peripheral components.
Single user desktop systems are those systems in which usually one user can login at a time and can perform various activities. They provided limited facility about the network features. Window NT, XP, VISTA, WINDOWS7, WINDOWS8 and WINDOWS 10 fall under the category of the single user desktop system.
Network Operating system provides us the four main features like Multitasking multiuser high level of security and the distributed processing. Servers and the operating systems have a close relationship between them. Hardware determines what kind of operating system it supports like Intel Xeon supports Microsoft products while the scale able processing i.e. SPARC architecture supports sun Solaris Environment. Various services like HTTPS, SMTP, DHCP, DNS.APACHE can run on these powerful server machines.
Moreover, one more important point is the 32-bit operating system or the 64-bit operating system relationship with the hardware. You should have a solid knowledge about this as well.
As far as hardware driver is concern like the driver for the sun Solaris system or the Linux System most drivers exists in the databases of the operating system and install by default as you install the system but rarely it occurs that you do not have proper driver so you have to download this on its original site.
Linux is mostly used in medium enterprises level while the Solaris is used on huge enterprise level. Sun Solaris is one of the most stable operating system ever built till now for the working.
Solaris provides us the common desktop environment, GNU Network Object Model Environment and KDE. Its all on users how they customize the graphical interface for the working.
Operating System is responsible to control all the tasks of the computer systems while the kernel is basically controlling the core elements like process management and the memory management.
Shells are responsible for the interaction between the users and the computer. File Systems are responsible that how to keep the information on the hard disks.
Kernel manages the swap space, daemons, and file systems.
Shell is the interface between the user and the kernel. Various shells like the BASH, TC and Z shells exists.
Various directories like the /etc., /bin., /boot., /home., /root exists and provide us the information about the working of the sun Solaris environment and the various flavor’s like Centos, Susi, Fedora, RHEL, UBUNTU .
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