Azure Virtual Networking – 8 Private IP Addresses

What is the difference between a public and private IP address?
Last update 02/25/2021
All IPv4 addresses can be divided into two major groups: global (or public, external) – this group can also be called ‘WAN addresses’ — those that are used on the Internet, and private (or local, internal) addresses — those that are used in the local network (LAN).

Public IP address

These are public (global) addresses that are used on the Internet. A public IP address is an IP address that is used to access the Internet. Public IP addresses can be routed on the Internet, unlike private addresses.
The presence of a public IP address on your router or computer will allow you to organize your own server (VPN, FTP, WEB, etc.), remote access to your computer, video surveillance cameras, and get access to them from anywhere on the global network.
With a public IP address, you can set up any home server to publish it on the Internet: Web (HTTP), VPN (PPTP/IPSec/OpenVPN, WireGuard), media (audio/video), FTP, NAS, game server, etc.

Note: All servers and sites on the Internet use public IP addresses (for example, google.com — 172.217.22.14, Google’s DNS server — 8.8.8.8).
All of the public IP-addresses on the Internet are unique to their host or server and cannot duplicate.

For home users, an ISP can provide one or more public IP addresses (as a rule, it is a paid service).

The NAT-enabled IPv4 router allows home network devices to use one public IP address that it has got from a provider on the WAN interface for the Internet connection. This external public IP address can be used to access home network devices from the Internet as well, but for this purpose, it is necessary to set up Port forwarding on your router.

Due to the limited number of public IP addresses and the increasing number of Internet users, ISPs are now more common to give private IP addresses to subscribers.

Private IP address

Private (internal) addresses are not routed on the Internet and no traffic can be sent to them from the Internet, they only supposed to work within the local network.
Private addresses include IP addresses from the following subnets:

Range from 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 — a 10.0.0.0 network with a 255.0.0.0 or /8 (an 8-bit) mask
Range from 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 — a 172.16.0.0 network with a 255.240.0.0 or /12
A 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 range, which is a 192.168.0.0 network masked by 255.255.0.0 or /16
A special range 100.64.0.0 to 100.127.255.255 with a 255.192.0.0 or /10 network mask; this subnet is recommended according to rfc6598 for use as an address pool for CGN (Carrier-Grade NAT)
Those are reserved IP addresses. These addresses are intended for use in closed local area networks and the allocation of such addresses is not globally controlled by anyone.
Direct access to the Internet from a private IP address is not possible. In this case, the connection to the Internet must go through NAT (Network Address Translation replaces the private IP address with a public one). Private IP addresses within the same local network must be unique and cannot duplicate.

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